Exploring the Power of Microsoft Playwright for Automation Testing

In today's fast-paced software development landscape, automation testing has become an indispensable component of ensuring the quality and reliability of applications. With the multitude of tools available, choosing the right one can be a daunting task. Among the plethora of options, Playwright stands out as a robust and versatile automation tool that empowers developers and QA engineers to streamline their testing processes and achieve greater efficiency. Let's delve into the world of Playwright and explore its capabilities, advantages, and how it can revolutionize your automation testing workflow.

Understanding Playwright:

Developed by Microsoft, Playwright is an open-source automation framework designed to automate web browser interactions across different platforms and browsers. Unlike traditional automation tools that are limited to specific browser ecosystems, Playwright offers cross-browser support, allowing users to write tests that run seamlessly on Chromium, Firefox, and WebKit.

One of the distinguishing features of Playwright is its support for multiple programming languages, including JavaScript, TypeScript, Python, and C#. This versatility enables teams to leverage their existing skill sets and integrate Playwright seamlessly into their development workflows.

Key Features and Advantages:

1. Cross-Browser Compatibility:

Playwright's ability to automate interactions across multiple browsers ensures comprehensive test coverage and compatibility. Whether your target audience uses Chrome, Firefox, or Safari, Playwright has you covered.

2. Multi-Platform Support:

Whether you're developing applications for Windows, macOS, or Linux, Playwright offers consistent and reliable automation capabilities across all platforms, ensuring a seamless testing experience regardless of the operating system.

3. Page Object Model (POM) Support:

Playwright facilitates the implementation of the Page Object Model (POM), a design pattern that enhances test maintainability and readability by encapsulating page elements and their interactions into reusable components.

4. Parallel Execution:

With Playwright, you can accelerate test execution by running tests in parallel across multiple browser instances, significantly reducing testing time and increasing overall efficiency.

5. Built-in Wait Mechanisms:

Playwright provides built-in mechanisms for handling asynchronous operations, such as waiting for elements to appear or actions to complete, ensuring robust and reliable test execution even in complex web applications.

6. Integration with Testing Frameworks:

Playwright seamlessly integrates with popular testing frameworks like Jest, Mocha, and Jasmine, allowing users to leverage familiar testing environments and tools to create and execute tests.

Getting Started with Playwright:

1. Installation:

Begin by installing Playwright via npm or yarn, depending on your preferred package manager. Once installed, you can initialize a new Playwright project and start writing tests immediately.

2. Writing Tests:

Write tests using your preferred programming language and testing framework, leveraging Playwright's rich API to interact with web pages, simulate user actions, and assert expected outcomes.

3. Running Tests:

Execute your tests locally or integrate them into your continuous integration (CI) pipeline for automated testing. Playwright provides detailed logs and reporting capabilities to track test results and identify any failures.

4. Continuous Improvement:

As with any automation tool, continuous learning and improvement are key to maximizing the benefits of Playwright. Stay updated with the latest features and best practices, and iterate on your test suites to ensure they remain effective and maintainable.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Playwright is a powerful and versatile automation tool that empowers teams to streamline their testing processes, increase efficiency, and deliver high-quality software with confidence. Its cross-browser compatibility, multi-platform support, and rich feature set make it a valuable asset for any development team seeking to elevate their automation testing capabilities.

Whether you're a seasoned QA engineer or a developer looking to incorporate automated testing into your workflow, Playwright provides the tools and flexibility you need to succeed. Embrace the power of Playwright and embark on a journey towards faster, more reliable software delivery.

A Comprehensive Guide to Preparing for ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level

Introduction

The ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) certification is a globally recognized credential that demonstrates your expertise in software testing. Whether you are an aspiring tester looking to kick-start your career or a seasoned professional seeking to validate your skills, this certification is a valuable asset. To achieve success in the CTFL examination, thorough preparation is key. This article will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to prepare for the ISTQB® CTFL exam.

Understanding the CTFL Exam

Before diving into the preparation process, it's crucial to have a clear understanding of the CTFL exam. The exam consists of multiple-choice questions, with the duration and number of questions varying by country and language. Typically, it spans over an hour and includes 40 questions. The passing score is 65%.

Key Knowledge Areas

1. The CTFL exam covers several key knowledge areas that you should focus on during your preparation:
2. Fundamentals of Testing: Understand the basic principles, concepts, and processes of software testing.
3. Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle: Learn how testing activities are integrated into different phases of the software development process.
4. Static Testing: Comprehend the various static testing techniques and how they help in identifying defects.
5. Test Design Techniques: Master test design methods, including specification-based, structure-based, and experience-based techniques.
6. Test Management: Familiarize yourself with test planning, monitoring, and control, as well as risk analysis.
7. Test Tools: Explore the use of various testing tools and understand their roles in the testing process.

Preparation Strategies

1. Study the ISTQB® Syllabus: ISTQB® provides a comprehensive syllabus that outlines the topics you need to cover. Use this syllabus as your study guide.
2. Recommended Books and Resources: There are several textbooks and online resources available that are specifically designed to help you prepare for the CTFL exam. Utilize these materials to gain in-depth knowledge.
3. Practice Tests: Taking practice tests is an effective way to gauge your understanding of the material and improve your time management skills for the exam.
4. Join a Training Course: Consider enrolling in an accredited training course that offers expert guidance and interactive learning.
5. Create a Study Plan: Develop a study schedule that covers all the knowledge areas, allocating more time to your weaker areas.
6. Peer Discussions: Engaging in discussions with fellow aspirants or experienced testers can provide you with valuable insights and a different perspective on various topics.
7. Consistent Revision: Regularly review the material you've studied to reinforce your understanding and memory.

Exam Day

On the day of the exam, ensure that you arrive early, well-rested, and with all the necessary identification documents. Read each question carefully during the exam, and don't hesitate to skip challenging questions and return to them later.

Exam can be taken from home as well following the required guidelines.

Conclusion

Preparing for the ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level is a significant step in your testing career. With dedication and a structured study plan, success is well within your reach. The knowledge and skills you gain during this journey will not only help you pass the exam but will also empower you to excel in your testing role. So, embark on your CTFL preparation journey with confidence and commitment, and you'll be well on your way to becoming a certified software testing professional. Good luck!

Writing Test Automation using IntelliJ

IntelliJ IDEA is an integrated development environment (IDE) for Java, which provides features to write and run tests for Java applications. Here are the steps to write test automation using IntelliJ IDEA:

1. Create a new Java project in IntelliJ IDEA by selecting "New Project" from the "File" menu.
   
   
2. 
   Once you have created the project, add the necessary libraries and dependencies for your project. These dependencies will include JUnit, TestNG or any other testing framework you wish to use.
   
   
3. Create a new package in your project, and then create a new Java class within that package. This class will contain your test code.
   
   
4. Import the necessary classes and packages you will need for your tests. These will include the testing framework you are using, as well as any other classes or packages that are required for your tests.
   
   
5. Write your test code within the new class you have created. This code will include the test methods you want to run and any assertions you need to make.
   
   
6. To run your tests, right-click on the class or test method you want to run, and select "Run" from the context menu.
   
   
7. If your tests pass, congratulations! If your tests fail, you will need to investigate the reason for the failure and modify your code accordingly.
   
   
8. Once you have completed your tests, you can package and deploy your application.

In summary, writing test automation using IntelliJ IDEA involves creating a new project, adding necessary libraries and dependencies, creating a new package and class for your test code, importing necessary classes and packages, writing your test code, and running your tests.

20 Software Testing Considerations

Before going into details of Software Testing Consideration. Let's understand what is Consideration?

- It is a careful thought, i.e. the act of thinking carefully about something you will make a decision about.

Following are the list of 20 ways to achieve Software Testing Consideration (all of these may not be applicable in each testing scenario. However, this is an exhaustive list which can be used to choose what would be relevant in certain scenarios):

1) Create Realistic Test Cases

Assessing how a software application will respond in a real-world scenario is essential to ensure the success of performance testing. Thus, creating realistic tests that keep variability in mind and taking into consideration the variety of devices and client environments to access the system is essential. Also important is mixing up device and client environment load, varying the environment and data, and ensuring that load simulations do not start from zero.

2) Proofread the content and Peer Review

Your content should be consistent, grammatically correct, and error-free. Don’t forget to check headings, labels, email notifications, and alerts.

3) Test using the most popular web browser/browsers

If you're developing a web application, your system should look and function the same regardless of the web browser you use. We test ours on the latest versions of Edge, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari.

4) Test it using the most popular devices

If your system will be used on mobile devices, you should test styling and functionality on a variety of screen sizes. We test on an iPad, iPhone, Android Nexus 7 tablet, and a subset of Android smartphones.

5) Validate all links

Each button and link should perform as expected—whether that’s an action within the system or an external link.

6) Review visuals

Fonts should follow a consistent style, and the graphics used throughout the system should align with your brand standards.

7) Verify site security

Validate each page is secure with HTTPS over SSL for general data security. We also recommend testing data access at the account level to make sure only accounts with appropriate access can see the data. 

8) Validate forms

If your system has forms, make sure you can fill them out and that the submit buttons work. Double-check field validation and that form data is collected and stored according to requirements. You’ll also want to make sure users are directed to the right place upon submission.

9) Validate email notifications are sent as expected

This line item is two-fold. First, ensure the appropriate people at your organization receive notifications when users take action in the system. Second, ensure the email notifications sent to users are clear and are triggered at the appropriate times.

10) Validate business logic

Run scenarios in the system to verify the output is what you’d expect as an expert in your organization.

11) Role play

Every system is different. For the best results, if you aren’t really a user of the system (maybe it’s your clients who will ultimately use it), put yourself in the mindset of a true end user and attempt to accomplish common tasks as well as edge cases that may not have been communicated to the developer.

12) Test Early And Test Often

Leaving performance testing as an afterthought is a recipe for testing disaster. Instead of conducting Performance testing late in the development cycle, it should take the agile approach and be iterative throughout the development cycle. This way the performance gaps can be identified faster and earlier in the development cycle.

13) Focus On Users Not Just Servers

Since it is real people that use software applications, it is essential to focus on the users while conducting performance testing along with focusing on the results of servers and clusters running the software. Along with measuring the performance metrics of clustered servers, testing teams should also focus on user interface timings and per-user experience of performance.

14) Performance is Relative

Performance might mean something to you and something else to the user. Users are not sitting with a stopwatch to measure load time. What the users want is to get useful data fast and for this, it is essential to include the client processing time when measuring load times.

15) Correlating Testing Strategy With Performance Bottlenecks

In order to be effective in performance testing creating a robust testing environment and gaining an understanding of the users perspective of performance is essential. It is also essential to correlate performance bottlenecks with the code that is creating these problems. Unless this is done problem remediation is difficult.

16) Quantifying Performance Metrics

In order to assess the efficacy of the performance tests, testing teams need to define the right metrics to measure. While performance testing, teams should thus clearly identify:

The expected response time – Total time taken to send a request and get a response.

The average latency time.

The average load time.

The longest time taken to fulfill a request.

Estimated error rates.

The measure of active users at a single given point in time.

Estimated number of requests that should be handled per second.

CPU and memory utilization required to process a request.

17) Test individual units separately and together

Considering that applications involve multiple systems such as servers, databases, and services, it is essential to test these units individually and together with varying loads. This will ensure that performance of the application remains unaffected with varying volumes. This also exposes weak links and helps testing teams identify which systems adversely affect the others and into which systems should be further isolated for performance testing.

18) Define the Testing Environment

Doing a comprehensive requirement study, analyzing testing goals and defining the test objectives play a big role in defining the test environment. Along with this, testing teams should also take into consideration logical and physical production architecture, must identify the software, hardware, and network considerations, and compare the test and production environment when defining the testing environment needed.

19) Focus on Test Reports

Test design and test execution are essential components of good performance testing but to understand which tests have been effective, which need to be reprioritized and which ones need to be executed again testing teams must focus on test reports. These reports should be systematically consolidated and analyzed and the test results should be shared, to communicate the results of the application behavior to all the invested stakeholders.

20) Monitoring and Alerts

To ensure continuous peak performance, testing teams have to set up alert notifications that can intimate the right stakeholders if load times fall below normal or in the event of any other issue. This ensures proactive resolution of performance bottlenecks and guarantees good end user experience.

The Three Amigos

The 3 Amigos is a method where Dev, BA and QA Come Together!

Did you know?

Amigos is a word mainly used in Spanish speaking areas and is used to address or refer to a Friend. So is the friendly concept of The 3 Amigos in Agile with multiple benefits!

Three amigos refers to the primary perspectives to examine an increment of work before, during, and after development.  Those perspectives are:

1. Business Analyst – What problem are we trying to solve?
   The Business Analyst makes sure that everyone in the team has the same understanding and expectation from the User Stories.
2. Developer – How might we build a solution to solve that problem?
   The developers discuss their understanding of the requirements and what it takes to build the Increment.
   Since the health of the software is always measured by its high-quality standards, the quality assurance team elaborates on the functional and non-functional aspects of the software increment and details out the test cases identified to test the Increment.
3. Test Analyst/Quality Analyst/Software Tester – What about this, what could possibly happen
   The Test and other team members help in enriching the test cases by finding edge cases and missing scenarios. They also make sure that all the Acceptance Criteria are met by the test cases.

By sharing the different perspectives on a project, the Three Amigos can raise their own concerns and discuss answers in real time.

There are many ways to organize these meetings, and sometimes more than three people participate. The more perspectives in the meeting, the more gaps the organization can fill.

The 3 Amigos helps communication between the disciplines and promotes understanding of:

• Collaborative Requirements – What problem are we trying to solve
• Ready for Development Consensus – How might we build a solution to solve that problem
• Acceptance for Definition of Done – What is needed to get the story into “Done”

Failure to conduct the Three Amigos meeting in Agile could cause each team member to have mixed or different perceptions of the project at hand. This is why the business analyst, developer and QA must collaborate and examine the product development through the lens of what’s important to their customers and business.

Benefits of Three Amigo’s Approach

The 3 Amigos’ Strategy can have a massive impact on the effectiveness both individually and as a team, and on the quality and maintainability of your Scrum projects, increasing your team’s agility, adaptability and innovation. Embedding such strategy into your agile process leads to continuous improvement and embracing the most important values and principles of the Agile Manifesto and likely yields the following benefits.

• Sharing and building an understanding of the SDLC
• Collaboration in sprint meetings and sprint reviews
• Identifies confusion and misunderstandings early, allowing for faster delivery
• Ensures developers, as a team, discuss the increment of work needed
• Helps go over the acceptance criteria and other attributes

#TheThreeAmigos #Agile #Amigos #Developer #Tester #BusinessAnalyst

Zephyr Test Management

Zephyr is an extension for JIRA. It is a native application that exists in JIRA and brings quality test management capabilities to any JIRA project. When Zephyr is used with JIRA, the test can be created, viewed in any JIRA project, and executed immediately or as part of a testing cycle that may be linked to other issues. The detailed testing metrics can be tracked via customizable Zephyr gadgets. Zephyr is designed to streamline and enhance your test management workflow. Whether you're looking for custom dashboards, detailed reports or in depth analytics data Zephyr is there to support you. 

All teams work differently. It’s important to find a test management solution that best fits your needs. Whether you’re Agile or Waterfall, or somewhere in-between, Zephyr test management solutions support development natively on Jira as well as securely on-premises.

Zephyr is divided based on three capability. An organization can choose between three world-class solutions and find what’s right for your size and complexity:

Quick start your testing in Jira

Small, Agile Teams

• Test design
• Test executions
• Automation and integration with BDD and CI tools
• Single-project reporting

Advance your testing in Jira

Mid-Size, Growing Teams

• Reusability-at-scale features
• Lightweight test planning
• Automation and integration with BDD and CI tools
• Cross-project reporting

Achieve continuous testing agility in a standalone solution

Mid-Large, Complex Teams

• Bi-directional Jira integration
• End-to-end traceability
• Enterprise-grade test planning and auditing
• Flexible support for third-party automation frameworks
• Legacy ALM migration path and transition plan
• Premium enterprise support

Zephyr provides multiple deployment options:

• Zephyr for JIRA Cloud
• Zephyr for JIRA Server
• Zephyr for JIRA Data Center

Features of Zephyr for JIRA

• Native to JIRA allowing users to test right inside JIRA
• Testing is integrated into the project cycles and it enables you to track software quality and make empowered go/no-go decisions.
• Create, Plan, and Execute Tests
• Create, view, and modify test steps and attachments for individual tests. Build test execution cycles, execute the tests, and link defects to specific tests.
• Track Quality Metrics
• Zephyr provides easy-to-use dashboard which provides testing metrics on the testing activities throughout every project.

Continuous Testing

Zephyr is designed to give you the capability to test at scale as well as operate within the CI/CD pipeline. Integration to all the popular CI/CD tools gives you the capability to trigger execution runs and collate everything that's happening as part of your test process. No other tool gives you the ability to control your capability to test continuously with such a rich feature set to help you manage the whole process.

Example:

Zephyr gives you a slick user experience coupled with a feature set that provides everything you could ever need. More than this we strive to provide the integration too the full tool set used within today's agile software development projects. That might be Jenkins, Bamboo or Team City on the CI/CD side of things. On the test automation tool front we have you well covered with support for most of the tools on the market. Needless to say we deliver close integration with the likes of TestComplete and ReadyAPI. Everything you need to connect the dots between your agile tool set.

Performance Testing Tools

Top Performance Testing Tools

1. Load Ninja
2. Apache JMeter
3. Web LOAD
4. LoadUI Pro
5. Load View
6. NeoLoad
7. LoadRunner
8. Silk Performer
9. AppLoader
10. SmartMeter.io
11. Locust

Apache JMETER

JMeter is an open source tool that can be used for performance and load testing for analysing and measuring the performance of a variety of services. This tool is mainly used for web and web service applications.

Features:

• It supports multiple load injectors managed by a single controller
• Highly portable and supports all the Java-based apps
• Less scripting efforts as compared to other tools
• Simple charts and graphs for analysing key load related statistics and resource usage monitors.
• Supports Integrated real-time, Tomcat collectors for Monitoring
• It supports HTTP, HTTPs, XML, SOAP, Java-based protocols and FTP protocols

Blazemeter

BlazeMeter’s open-source based, enterprise ready platform unifies all the functionality you need to shift testing left - and right.

Features:

• Functional Testing
• Performance Testing
• Mock Services
• 360° API Testing

Loader.io

Loader.io is a cloud-based load testing service for developers to test performance and scalability with their web applications and APIs.

Features:

• It provides simple cloud-based load testing
• Load testing for web applications and APIs for performance and scalability
• Integration with PaaS providers, continuous integration tools, and browsers
• Allows testing up to 50,000 concurrent connections for free
• It is cloud-based so it is a no install solution and immediately available for developers to test.

Reference Blogs:

1. Performance Testing
2. JMeter
3. Blazemeter
4. JMeter VS Loader.io

This is not the end of this Blog on Performance / Load Testing tools. I will keep on adding details on other tools in future, as and when I gain more knowledge and experience.

Interview Questions Series

 (Q) How to deal with defects that are NOT reproducible?

Ans:  Firstly we need to know "What is reproducible defect ?" While first time you got defect and you posted it. But dev team want to know how to occur that defect then you need to reproduce that defect with same steps & data. It means second time creating same scenario for that defect. If you can't reproduce a bug you can never fix it.

Secondly we need to know "What are Non-Reproducible defects?" Observing an issue whole day and at the end of the day when you reported that defect, you find it is no more reproducible.

For example, suppose a user is unable to add products to its cart. This happens 6 out of 10 times. Issue observed only when we restart the application.

In all these cases, it is hard to determine the exact condition and report it right. Such defects take a lot of time in the investigation of.  We can't ignore these kind of defect. 

So, how we can deal with that:

• Clear all cache and cookies while reproducible defect
• Proper documentation needed
• Noting down each and every step and other details (like test data, environment, system settings, screenshots, server logs etc) will be a good practice to easily replicate the scenario.
• Sometimes looking for similar defect or patterns can be helpful in reproducing a bug. It will be easier to identify the scenario if the pattern is understood
• Verify a few more times to determine the occurrence of defect. Do not trust and report further on the basis of one single time occurrence of the issue
• Testing with patience is the key factor as this might and will take a lot of time

(Q) What is difference between use case and test case?

Use Case: Use case is a representation of actions which describes the behaviour of system to do a particular task. Use cases are prepared based on requirements. Business users executes use cases.

Test Case: Test case contains the test data, set of instructions to follow and a result of following the instructions. Test cases are prepared based on Use cases. Testers executes test cases.

(Q) Common challenges faced in software testing?

• Lack of requirements documentation
• Writing test scenario with less documentation.
• Lack of communication
• Unstable test environment
• Impossibility of complete testing
• Regression and integration testing

(Q) How to resolve inconsistent defect?

Inconsistent means which is not stable. The inconsistent bug is a bug which is not appearing during the retesting process. That means it may appear or may not appear. This is very difficult to reproduce.

To handle these kind of defects, better to attach screenshots and clear steps to reproduce with test data while logging the defect to avoid unnecessary comments by other teams.

(Q) What is RTM? What does RTM contain?

RTM stands for Requirement Traceability Matrix. Requirement traceability matrix is a document that map and trace user requirement with test case. 

The main purpose of Requirement Traceability Matrix is to validate that all requirements are checked via test cases such that no functionality is unchecked during Software testing.

The agenda of every tester should be to understand the client’s requirement and make sure that the output product should be defect-free.

(Q) Difference between Alpha and Beta testing?

Alpha Testing is a type of software testing performed to identify bugs before releasing the product to real users or to the public. Alpha Testing is one of the user acceptance testing. Alpha testing used both the white box and black box testing. Reliability and security testing are not checked in alpha testing.

Beta Testing is performed by real users of the software application in a real environment. Beta testing commonly uses black box testing. Reliability, security and robustness are checked during beta testing.

(Q) Explain Test Strategy?

In simple term, "Test Plan is a vision of what you want to achieve and Test Strategy is an action plan designed to achieve this vision."

A Test Strategy is a plan for defining an approach to the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC). It guides QA teams to define Test Coverage and testing scope. It helps testers get a clear picture of the project at any instance. The possibility of missing any test activity is very low when there is a proper test strategy in place.

(Q) Why do you need test plan and what does test plan contain?

Test plan helps us to keep the details of the testing scope, features, and functionalities to be tested for a build. Test plan also contains details of testing techniques and tools to be used. This prevents the testing team from putting any efforts in testing 'Out of scope' functionalities. 

A Test Plan is a detailed document that describes the test strategy, objectives, schedule, estimation, deliverables, and resources required to perform testing for a software product.

(Q) What are the fields in a bug report?

Field which is available during bug report is:

• Bug Name
• Bug ID
• Bug description 
• raised by
• priority
• Severity
• Assigned to
• reported by
• reported on 
• Status
• Environment

Azure DevOps - Questions and Answers

1) What do you understand by DevOps?

DevOps is a culture that implies the collaboration between development and operations teams in an organization. It lays special focus on delivering software products faster and lowering the failure rate of releases.

2)What is the need for DevOps?

In Traditional times, after completing the development part, the code deployment time was huge. As a result, there were issues between the Development Team and Operations Team or the deployment team regarding the server. Well, DevOps solves the Traditional Dev and Ops fights by filling the drift that existed between two.

3) List out the top DevOps tools

• The most popular DevOps tools are given below:
• Git: Version Control System tool
• Jenkins: Continuous Integration tool
• Selenium: Continuous Testing tool
• Puppet, Chef, Ansible: Configuration Management and Deployment tools
• Nagios: Continuous Monitoring tool
• Docker: Containerization tool

4) What is the use of Test Automation in DevOps?

DevOps does not only revolve around jobs or tools, rather it’s about people, culture, and automation. Continuous testing plays an essential role in writing scripts for software testing and make it auto executable so that we can automate the testing and do the frequent releases using the delivery pipelines.

5) What are the popular DevOps tools for continuous integration and continuous deployment?

The obvious DevOps tools for continuous integration incorporate Jenkins, GitLab CI, TeamCity, Bamboo, Codeship, CircleCI, and Travis CI. The popular DevOps tools for continuous deployment include Azure Pipelines for Deployment, Jenkins, Bamboo, DeployBot, Shippable, ElectricFlow, and TeamCity. 

6) Name the tools that are used for Continuous Testing?

For test Automation there are many open source tools are available, following are few names

• Selenium
• JMeter
• JUnit
• AntUnit
• Cucumber
• SoapUI
• Tricentis Tosca

7) Describe Azure Boards

Azure board provides service to manage your works, using the Agile Scrum and Kanban templates, Dashboard that we can customize and reporting.

8) Present one example of the use of DevOps in real life?

Real world examples of Devops:

• Git/GitHub: For source code management and version control system.
• Docker: For software containerization.
• Chef: For configuration management.
• Selenium: For automated testing.
• Jenkins: For developing CI/CD pipelines and server automation.
• AWS: For cloud platform integration.

9) What are the important reasons to use Azure Boards?

Azure Boards provides you with a set of predefined work item types to support tracking features, user stories, bugs, and tasks. You can quickly get up and running by using your product backlog or Kanban board. Whatever Agile method you use, Azure Boards supports you with the tools you need to implement that method.

10) What is Azure Repos?

Azure Repos is a set of version control tools that you can use to manage your code. Use version control to save your work and coordinate code changes across your team. Even if you're just a single developer, version control helps you stay organized as you fix bugs and develop new features.

11) What are Azure pipelines?

Azure Pipelines is a cloud service that you can use to automatically build and test your code project and make it available to other users. ... Azure Pipelines combines continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD) to constantly and consistently test and build your code and ship it to any target.

12) What are the reasons to use CI and CD and Azure Pipelines?

Implementation of CI and CD pipelines is one of the best approaches for ensuring reliable and quality code. This is one of the important Azure DevOps interview questions that you should focus on. Azure Pipelines offer an easy, secure, and faster approach for automation of processes to build projects and ensuring their availability.

In addition, the use of Azure Pipelines for public projects is completely free. On the other hand, using private projects is also cost-effective as you get around 30 hours of pipeline jobs per month for free. In addition, you can also present the following reasons to use Azure pipelines for CI and CD in such Azure DevOps interview questions. 

Support for any language or platform

Deployment to various types of a target simultaneously

Integration with Azure deployments

Building on Windows, Mac, and Linux machines

Integration with GitHub

Capability for working with open-source project

13) What are Azure Test Plans?

Azure Test Plans are a service with Azure DevOps that provides a browser-based test management solution. The test plans also provide crucial capabilities in exploratory testing, user acceptance testing, and planned manual testing. Azure Test Plans also have a browser extension to provide exploratory testing alongside a collection of feedback from stakeholders.

Manual and exploratory testing are important techniques for the evaluation of a product or service quality. In addition, Azure Test Plans are also responsible for realizing the focus of DevOps on automated testing. Azure Test Plans helps in assimilating the contributions from developers, testers, product owners, user experience advocates, and managers to the quality of a project. 

14) What is the role of Azure Artifact?

Azure Artifacts is an extension that makes it easy to discover, install, and publish NuGet, npm, and Maven packages in Azure DevOps. It's deeply integrated with other hubs like Build so that package management can become a seamless part of your existing workflows.

Tosca Automation Tools

Tricentis Tosca is a software testing tool that is used to automate end-to-end testing for software applications. It is developed by Tricentis. Tosca combines multiple aspects of software testing to test GUIs and APIs from a business perspective.

Tosca is an enterprise tool because it is suitable to use in large scale applications. The tool comes with a certain price but provides an equal number of features to enjoy. Tosca has gained a lot of attention because it offers a good balance between performance and quality. 

What is the use of the Tosca Tool?

Every automation testing tools comes with both advantages of disadvantages. Hence, it is essential for testers to explore multiple tools to find the best option in the market. 

Tosca automation tool is one of the best and popular automated testing tools. It is highly used in large scale applications to find effective results. Most of the testers in automotive industries, Metal and Mining industries,  Financial and education industries prefer using Tosca because of its user-friendly features.

Benefits of Tosca Tool :

• Deliver fast feedback for Agile and DevOps
• Suitable for large scale operations
• Reasonably Priced
• Regular Updates
• Maximize reuse and maintainability
• Multiple Features in One Tool
• No Scripting Required
• Supports Multiple Platforms
• Quality Vendor Support
• Easy to Use Interface
• Tosca is one of the best agile test management tool because it provides many features.

Tosca VS Selenium: 

Tosca	Selenium
Tosca is less popular than Selenium.	Selenium is highly popular as an automation testing tool among the companies of all sizes.
Scripting is not required for Tosca.	Multiple scripts are needed for Selenium.
Tosca is a paid tool.	Selenium is a free tool.
Tosca is used mostly by the diversified financial services industry followed by the automotive, metals and mining, airlines, and education services industries.	Selenium is used mostly by the internet software and services industry followed by Professional Services, diversified financial services, media, and communications
The type of automation is model-based for Tosca.	The type of automation is code-based for Selenium.
The ease of adoption and ease of maintenance are very high for Tosca.	The ease of adoption and ease of maintenance are low for Selenium when compared with Tosca.
The re-usability of test data and artefacts is low for Selenium.	The re-usability of test data and artefacts is high for Tosca when compared with Selenium.
Tosca has a dedicated support for deployment and adoption.	Selenium lacks dedicated support for deployment and adoption.